A Place For Learn

Post Content

Device Input, Process and Output On Computer

Device Input, Process, and outpout On ComputerOn the computer performance that is quite complicated to explain, we can get a little know how the performance of computers that we use to use. On Computers are supporting computer performance include Input, Process, and also output.
1. Input Devices
Computer input device (input device or input devices) are devices used to enter data - data and give commands to the computer to be used in further processing. Some input devices are:
a. keyboard
Keyboard input is the most important unit in a data processing by a computer. The keyboard can function enter letters, numbers, special characters as well as the media for the user (user) to perform other commands are required, such as saving files and open files.
Creation comes from the computer keyboard models of typewriters were invented and patented by Christopher Latham in 1868, and in 1887 produced and marketed by the company Remington. The keyboard on the use right now is kind of QWERTY, in 1973, was established as a keyboard keyboards standard ISO (International Standards Organization) The number of keys on the keyboard totaled 104 tuts.Keyboard now that we know have some kind of port, the serial port, ps2 , usb and wireless.Types of Keyboard:
1.) QWERTY2.) DVORAK3.) KLOCKENBERG


[[Gambar Keyboard]]

Keyboard normally used is a QWERTY type keyboard, which is similar shaped like keys on a typewriter. The QWERTY keyboard has four parts:1. typewriter key2. numeric key3. The function key4. The special function key.
b. Mouse
Mouse is one of the input unit (input device). The function of this tool is to transfer pointer or cursor quickly. In addition, orders can be as practical and faster than with a keyboard. Mouse began to be used optimally since the operating system has been based GUI (Graphical User Interface).
The electrical signals as a mouse input device is generated by a small ball in the mouse, in accordance with the shifting or movement. Most consist of three-button mouse, generally only two buttons used are the left and right buttons. Currently the mouse is also equipped with a capstan button (scroll), which is located in the middle button layout. The term keystrokes so-called left-clicks (Click) where the emphasis is going to work when the mouse is on a designated object, but when not on the object designated this emphasis will be ignored.
There are also other terms called pan (drag) that is pressing the left mouse button without releasing the while being moved. Drag this will cause the object to be moved or copied to other objects and other possibilities. The emphasis of the left mouse button twice quickly and regularly called on double click (double click) while pressing the right mouse button one called with a right click (right click). Mouse consists of multiple ports is a serial mouse, mouse ps / 2, usb and wireless.


[[Gambar Mouse]]
c. touchpad
This input unit can usually be found on laptops and notebooks, using finger touch. Normally this unit can be used as a mouse replacement. In addition to the touchpad is a model of its sister units enter the pointing stick and a trackball.
[[Image Touchpad]]
d. Light Pen
Light electronic pointer pen is used for the modification and the design drawings with the screen (monitor). Light pen has a sensor that can transmit light signals to a computer which then recorded, where screen monitors work by recording the electronic signals every six rows per second.
[[Image Lightpen]]e. Joy Stick and Games Paddle
It is usually used in the game (games) computer. Joy Stick is usually shaped sticks, while the paddle games are usually rectangular or square made of plastic equipped with buttons that will govern the motion of an object in the computer.
[[Image joy stick]]
f. barcode
Barcode included in the input unit (input device). The function of this tool is to read a code-shaped boxes or thick vertical stripes which are then translated into numbers-angka.Kode-code is usually attached to food products, beverages, electronic equipment, books and more. Nowadays, every cashier in a supermarket or supermarket in Indonesia to identify products it sells by using barcode.[[Image Barcode]]g. Scanner
Scanner is a tool that can be used to copy or copy images or text that is then stored in a computer memory. From next computer memory, stored in the hard disk or floppy disk. The scanner function much like a copy machine, a copy machine difference is the result can be seen on the paper while the scanner results can be displayed on a monitor in advance so that we can make improvements or modifications and can then be stored back in the form of text files or image files.
In addition there is also an image scanner to scan commonly used to detect computer answer sheet. Scanners are used to scan the computer answer sheet is SCAN IR commonly used for LJK (Computer Answer Sheet) in the general tests and the National Examination. Scan this type consists of a light sensor which is called Optics, which can identify the type 2B pencil. Scanner on the market is a scanner to copy a picture or photo and usually also equipped with OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to copy or copy an object in text form.
We have been developed scanner technology with DMR (Digital Mark Reader), with a working system similar to the scanner to the computer answer sheet correction, bio and forms such as forms for school choice. DMR is the answer sheet should not be answered uses 2B pencil, but can use other stationery such as pens and markers and can use plain paper.
[[Image Scanner]]h. Digital camera
The development of technology has so advanced that the computer is able to receive input from the camera. The camera is called the Digital camera with better picture quality and better compared to how to copy images using a scanner. The sharpness of the images from a digital camera is determined by the pixel. The ease and convenience of these tools useful to many activities and occupations. Digital cameras do not require the film as a regular camera.
Pictures taken with a digital camera are stored in the camera memory in the form of a file, then can be moved or transferred to a computer. Digital cameras on the market today there are many different types, ranging from the type of camera to take a static image until the camera that can record a live or moving images such as video.
i. microphone
This input unit serves to record or insert sounds that are stored in computer memory or to listen to the sound.[[Image Microphone]]j. Graphics Pads
Technology Computer Aided Design (CAD) can make the design of the building, home, car engines, and aircraft using the Graphics Pads. Graphics is an input pads input for drawing objects on a monitor. Graphics pads used to have two types. First, using a needle (stylus) which is connected to a pad or with wear pads low voltage, which is present on the bearing surface of the touch-sensitive membrane (membrane touch sensitive surface).
Low voltage delivered is then translated into the coordinates of X - Y. Second, using the touch-sensitive pads (touch sensitive pad) without the use of needles. It works by putting on the pads of drawing paper, then write with a pencil.

[[Image Grapich Pads]]
2. Media process computer
The process is an instruction or command is done by the computer to perform data operations and arithmetic operations and logic performed on the data. Data processing in a computer device performed by the CPU (Central Processing Unit / Central Processing Unit).CPU
The computer will not be able to walk without a CPU. CPU is often said to be the brains of the computer. In the motherboard, CPU has a single integrated circuit (single integrated circuit) called a microprocessor. CPU also has two basic components, a control unit and Arithmetic / Logical Unit (ALU).
The control unit instructs the computer system how to follow the instructions of a program. It will connect the data directly to and from the processor memory. The control unit stores data temporarily, instructions and process information using unit arithmetic / logic. In addition, the unit also control signals between the CPU and external devices such as hard disks, main memory and I / O ports.
Arithmetic / Logic Unit (ALU) will run both operating arithmetic and logic operations. Arithmetic operation is basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operations such as AND, OR and XOR used to make comparisons and take decisions. Logical operations will determine how a program is executed.
The processor will handle most of the operations are run by a computer to process the instructions / commands, sending signals out, checking relationships (connectivity) and make sure that the hardware is operating and functioning as it should. Processors will act as the sender of the message on the components such as RAM, monitor and disk drive.
Microprocessor is connected to the computer system via three buses. Buses are the data bus, address bus, and control bus.There are different companies that manufacture a CPU. They include Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and Cyrix. Intel is known for making silicon-based chip CPU chip is expected in 1971.
a. Processor Socket Type
Microprocessors work using specific terminal, including Socket 7, Socket 423 or Slot 1, Socket X. X will be any numerical figure, a term description to determine how processors are connected (plug) to the computer motherboard. Processor plug-in to make contact with the circuit built in or the data bus of the motherboard.
Manufacturers have different socket type processors manufactured products. Socket 7, now outdated, once known as the primary connection variants ever designed. Socket 7 is used for a specific time period by three main types of processors. Socket type followed by a larger number means the most recent models. For example socket 370 is newer than the socket 7. processor technology and speed has improved with the update process.
[[Image Processor socket]]Type-socket processors using socket Zero Insertion Force (ZIF). ZIF socket is designed to make it easier to enter the microprocessor. ZIF socket has a lever that opens and closes to secure the microprocessor in place. In addition, the socket has a different number would have a pin and pin arrangement lay out different. For example, Socket 7 has 321 pins. Pin number will increase along with the numbering of the socket.
b. slot Processor
Processor type-slot only on the market for a year. Intel socket configuration change to the packet processor in a cartridge that fits into a slot on the motherboard for Pentium II processor. Almost simultaneously, AMD has improved Slot A, equivalent to Slot 1, becoming Socket A for the ability of high-level (high-end) AMD Athlon and Duron processors.
c. ProcessorsPentium
The latest Intel Pentium microprocessors including Pentium II, III, IV and Xeon. Pentium class is the latest standard for the processor chip. These processors represent the second generation of Intel processors and third. By combining the memory cache (hidden) with microprocessor circuits, supporting Pentium processor with a speed of 1000 MHz and higher. Chip which combined have a size of no more than 2 square inc (6 cm square) and consists of more than 1 million transistors.
Pentium processor has made some improvement from their predecessors, who terevolusi of Intel 80486. For example, the data bus width of 64-bit Pentium and can accommodate 64-bit data at a time. Compare this with the 32-bit Intel 486. Pentium has multiple storage cache of 2 MB total, compared with 8 KB on Intel 486. The increase in processor speed makes components get the data in and out of the chip faster.
Processors do not be silent waiting for data or instructions. It makes software run faster. The components required for managing the flow of information (information flow) through the processor, translating the instructions so that the processor can execute them, and sends the result back into PC memory. Http://www.intel.com factory website provides more information about the Pentium processor family.
[[Image Intel]]
d. ProcessorAMD
AMD processors that perform well are Athlon, Athlon XP, Thunderbird and Duron series. The processor equivalent to Pentium III, is a microprocessor that is widely used today by high-end desktop system (high level), workstations, and servers. AMD Athlon processor system bus is designed for large-scale multiprosessing. Number AMD Athlon processors in the system is determined by the microprocessor chips used. Factory website, http: //www.amd.com provide more information on the AMD processor family.
[[Image AMD]]
e. Rating Speed ​​Processor (Processor Speed ​​Rating)
Descriptions such as Pentium 133 CPU, Pentium 166 or Pentium 200 are well known. This number is a specification that indicates the maximum speed in operation which makes the CPU can execute instructions reliably. CPU speed is controlled by the external clock inside the motherboard and not on the microprocessor. The processor speed is determined by the clock frequency signal.
Usually expressed in Megahertz (MHz). The higher the number for you, the faster the processor running. The processor speed is increasing rapidly. 3.0 gigahertz processor speed (3000 MHz) is now available. CPU can run in MHz higher than the chip located on the motherboard. Therefore, the speed of the CPU and the clock frequency signal does not always run in a ratio of 1 to 1. Circuit variable-frequency-synthesizer built into the motherboard circuit will multiply the clock signal so that the motherboard can support multiple CPU speed. In general, three factors that determine how much information can be processed in any time:- The size of the internal bus- The size of the address bus- The speed of the processor rating
f. Computer Cooling Components
Computer cooling systems are sometimes not too much attention because people usually pay more attention to the quality of the processor, VGA, RAM, hard drive and more. Though computer cooling installed in the casing or computer devices is an important component because it allows you to adjust the temperature and prevent overheating in the computer device. With the cold temperatures computer device then that device will last longer.
5 types of computer cooling systems there are many types and brands as well. Computer cooling systems there are various kinds, there is a fan (fan), heatsink, liquid cooler, dry ice and liquid nitrogen cooler, TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler). Here's an explanation of each of the 5 types of computer cooling system:
- Fan (Fan)Computer cooling system is the most common, usually mounted on the casing, processor or VGA. Point also depends on the wind generated by the fan, there is for air circulation, there are direct air to the processor or VGA order not panas.Bentuk, price and size of the fan also vary depending on the brand and its functions. You can use SpeedFan to determine the performance of your fan and how temperatures generated.
[[Image Fan Fan]]- heatsinkThe heatsink is a metal plate that absorbs heat and cools the computer and are typically bundled with a fan, so the plot is the fan air into the heatsink and heatsink makes the cooler air when the computer device.[[Image Heat Shink]]- Liquid CoolerLiquid cooler will make computer devices integrated into 10% cooler so that the heat production can be overcome. Thus the age of the computer will also be more durable. The advantages of liquid cooler is not noisy when used, almost without sound.[[Image Liquid Cooler]]- Dry Ice and Liquid Nitrogen CoolerSystem usage is, the computer will be directly in contact with the copper tube that will be loaded in dry ice or dry ice or liquid nitrogen filled. Typically used for overclocking that can generate temperatures very dingin.Efek of overclocking is excessive heat on the computer being forced to yield maximum capacity. To avoid condensation from the cooling of the entire component to be coated pasta and all around on the tube by heat insulation.[[Image Dry Ice and Liquid Nitrogen Cooler]]- TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler).This cooler works with an electric current to one side of the metal that will create the cold and the heat. In this cooling system can make a coolant up beyond the freezing point of water.[[Image TEC]]

3. The output
The output device is a computer hardware that is used to communicate the results of data processing is done by the computer to the user. Some output devices include:
a. monitor
Computers are usually connected to display devices, also known as the monitor. Monitor is shown in Figure 18. Monitor usually available in types, sizes, and different characteristics. When buying a new computer, monitors typically must be purchased separately.
[[Image Monitor]]Understanding the characteristics of a good monitor will help in determining the best monitor for a specific system. The following terms have close links with the monitor.
- Pixels
Picture elements. The display screen is composed of pixels or small dots. Pixels arranged in rows across the screen. Each pixel contains three colors, namely red, green and blue (RGB).
- Dot Pitch
A measure of how close phosphor dots on the screen. The better its dot pitch then the display quality will be better. Most monitors now only has a dot pitch 0:25. Some have a dot pitch 0:22 giving good resolution.
- Refresh Rate
The level of the display screen is reloaded. Refresh rate is calculated in hertz (Hz) mean per second. The higher the refresh rate, the display will be more stable. It looks to be like a still image when in fact always blink every time the electrons hit the dot / dot-plated phosphor. Refresh rate is also called the frequency of vertical or vertical refresh rate.
- Color Depth
Number of different colors in each pixel can be displayed. It is measured in bits. The higher the depth, the more colors that can be generated.
- Video RAM (VRAM)
Memory that is owned by the video card. The higher the VRAM in the video card, the more colors that can be displayed. The video card also sends signals to control the refresh rate refresh.
- Resolution
Varies depending on the pixel number. The more pixels on the screen, the better the resolution. The higher resolution means images will be sharper. The screen resolution is the lowest in modern PC 640 x 480 pixels which is called Video Graphics Array (VGA). Now present Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) and Extended Graphics Array (XGA) with a resolution of up to 1600 x 1200.
- Monitor screen sizes
Measured in inches. The most common sizes are 14 ", 15", 17 "19" and 21 "diagonal calculated. Note that the size that appears is actually smaller than the size that counts. It can be recalled when it will search for a computer monitor screen.
- Display Colors
Colors are created by varying the intensity of light from the three basic colors. 24 and 32 bit is usually the choice for graphic artists and professional photographers. For other applications, 16-bit color will suffice. Below is a summary of the color depth that is often used:
+ 256 colors - 8-bit color

                
+ 65.536 color - 16-bit color, also known as 65K or HiColor

                
+ 16 million colors - 24-bit color, also known as True Color

                
+ 4 billion colors - 32-bit color, also known as True Color
Monitor high-quality and high-quality video cards needed to obtain high resolution and refresh rate is also highb. printer
The printer is an output device that is used to produce molds from the computer to the paper form. The printer connects to a computer via USB, other than that the printer must also be connected to an electric current.
When first connected to a computer, we have to install the printer driver software so that the printer can be recognized by the computer. Sharpness printer output is measured in dpi or dots per inch that is banyakknya points in an inch. The higher the dpi printer, the more sharp print results. In broad outline the types of printers as follows:1. Dot Matrix, these printers use ink ribbon type as found on the typewriter.2. Inkjet printers use liquid ink or liquid ink.3. Laser printers, ink printers use ink as a powder or powder glitter powder.
[[Image Printer]]

c. Speaker
Speaker is the hardware to produce sound. Another type of speaker is a headset or earphone. We can listen to the sound output from the computer through the speakers.

 
[[Image Speaker]]
d. Projector


 
Infocus projector or also called a tool used for the presentation, which is connected to a computer to display what is on the monitor to a screen (screen) or the wall.
[[Image Projector]]
e. Plotter
Plotter print media such as a printer, but has a larger size and usability are optimized for image objects.
[[Image Plotter]]
Tag : Artikel
Back To Top